THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE



Chapter 06 - Photons






PARTS

Part 0600
Photons
Home


Part 0601
Cosmic

Photon
Creation

Part 0602
Photon

Mechanics

Part 0603
Cosmic

Microwave
Background

Photon
Selfproofs



















Photon Selfproofs 


SELFPROOF 0602 - LIGHTSPEED

CURRENT PARADIGM
  • The SPEED OF LIGHT in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is 299,792,458 metres per second; it is exact because the length of the metre is defined from this constant and the international standard for time. According to special relativity, c is the maximum speed at which all matter and hence information in the universe can travel. It is the speed at which all massless particles and changes of the associated fields (including light, a type of electromagnetic radiation, and gravitational waves) travel in vacuum. Such particles and waves travel at c regardless of the motion of the source or the inertial reference frame of the observer. In the theory of relativity, c interrelates space and time, and also appears in the famous equation of mass–energy equivalence E = mc2. The speed at which light propagates through transparent materials, such as glass or air, is less than c; similarly, the speed of radio waves in wire cables is slower than c. For many practical purposes, light and other electromagnetic waves will appear to propagate instantaneously, but for long distances and very sensitive measurements, their finite speed has noticeable effects. In communicating with distant space probes, it can take minutes to hours for a message to get from Earth to the spacecraft, or vice versa. The light seen from stars left them many years ago, allowing the study of the history of the universe by looking at distant objects. The finite speed of light also limits the theoretical maximum speed of computers, since information must be sent within the computer from chip to chip. The speed of light can be used with time of flight measurements to measure large distances to high precision. (Wikipedia - 02 Apr 2012)
MALTA TEMPLATE
COMMENTARY

Every blackhole in the Universe is unconsciously engaged in either seeking stability or maintaining it. A photon is different only in that it is stabilised within the photonic masses, at lightspeed, and with its spin and speed in entropic equilibrium. Because of this, the same multiprocess underway in every blackhole now contrives to keep a photon moving at lightspeed, and nothing but lightspeed, even though its measures of mass or energy may alter.

Since its first publication, Special Relativity has been a boon to physics research but it has also been something of a straitjacket because some of its assumptions take the form of rules that cannot be broken. The widespread acceptance of Special Relativity in its entirety has forced physicists to some bizarre explanations as they try to avoid breaking the rules. Here are some of the "rules that cannot be broken" together with their reinterpretation per the Malta Template.
    • Strictly speaking, energy has no speed at all. Energy is the kineticenergy, potentialenergy, or latentenergy of the gravitons in a gravitonpair. It can move in the sense that gravitonpairs move - although whether this really counts as "energy moving" is arguable. Gravitonpairs can and do move faster than lightspeed and while logic suggests there is a limit to their speed there is currently no indication that such a limit exists. Thus, if the movement of gravitonpairs is regarded as the movement of energy, energy can move faster than lightspeed.  
    • Photons move no faster than lightspeed for mechanical reasons and, likewise, nor do stable objects more massive than photons. As a general rule, each type of stable object more massive than a photon has its own maximum speed, traveling beyond which will decay the object in some way. Objects with less mass than a photon (gravitons, gravitonpairs, and small blackholes) can and do move faster than lightspeed. So too can understable blackholes with a mass greater than photons - if they didn't do so photons couldn't form. So, matter in its simplest forms can and does move faster than lightspeed. 
  • Information cannot exceed lightspeed:     
    • Gravitons can move faster than lightspeed. If gravitons are able to convey information, there is no currently known reason why gravitons cannot move information faster than lightspeed.  
    • The fundamental particle out of which all other types of object are made is the graviton. The graviton has mass which means that all objects made out of gravitons must also have mass. Thus there is no such thing as a massless particle. Rather, there are particles which, relative to the size of humans, are so insubstantial that humans are currently unable to measure their mass. 
    • There is nothing in the current Malta Template to explain what gravity is and why it behaves as it does. Nor does anything arise to suggest that gravity moves at a specific speed - or at any speed at all. This is not to say that gravity doesn't have speed. Merely that it hasn't yet evolved a speed in the Malta Template and that the Template hasn't yet come across a need for it.   
    • There is nothing in the current Malta Template to suggest there can even be "waves" of gravity, let alone that they move at lightspeed. This is not to say that there are no waves of gravity and that they do not move at lightspeed, merely that they do not evolve in the Template and that the Template doesn't need them to. There is, however, something that might be confused with gravity waves. Suffusing all space within the Universe there is a graviton medium within which waves can be triggered by disturbances. These waves, if substantial enough, should be able to trigger some and maybe all of the gravity wave detectors currently in operation. There is nothing mysterious about these "gravitonwaves". They are subject to the same mechanics that underly waves in water or air and, as with waves in water or air, the speed of gravitonwaves depends upon the density of the graviton medium. The density of the graviton medium varies considerably throughout the Universe with, in many regions, it being so thin that any gravitonwaves will lose coherence and this will hinder our chances of detecting waves emanating from far away. 






Comments and suggestions:  peter.ed.winchester@gmail.com

Copyright 2013 Peter (Ed) Winchester



REVISIONS

13 Jul 2014 - page revised to 3-section format
11 Jul 2016 - revisions to layout and content.

23 Apr 2017 - changed teels to gravitons.