THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE



Chapter 1 - Fundamentals





PARTS



Chapter
Home


Part 1
Kickstarter


Part 2
Properties


Part 3
Energy


Part 4
Spinspeed


Part 5
Space


Part 6
Time


Part 7
Selfproof - home



















Part 7 - Selfproof (cont)

SELFPROOF 0103 - ELEMENTARY BOSONS


CURRENT COSMOLOGY MODEL



All observed elementary particles are either fermions or bosons. The observed elementary bosons are all gauge bosons: photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons.

  • Photons are the force carriers of the electromagnetic field.
  • W and Z bosons are the force carriers which mediate the weak force.
  • Gluons are the fundamental force carriers underlying the strong force.
In addition, the standard model postulates the existence of Higgs bosons, which give other particles their mass via the Higgs mechanism. Finally, many approaches to quantum gravity postulate a force carrier for gravity, the graviton, which is a boson of spin 2. (Wikipedia 19 Mar 2012)

  • Photon - existence confirmed.
  • W boson - existence confirmed.
  • Z boson - existence confirmed.
  • Gluon - existence confirmed.
  • Higgs boson - existence confirmed.
  • Graviton - existence unconfirmed.

MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE

a)   Photons
    • Each photon has a measure of energy.
    • A photon can carry energy from one object to another. (see Energy and Spinspeed Law
    • Thus a photon can be considered an exchange particle.
b)   W and Z bosons
    • W and Z bosons of specific measures are produced during the stabilisation of specific objects and in specific conditions.  
    • The existence of W and Z bosons has been confirmed by colliding objects at high energies.
    • Colliding objects with known measures in known conditions will have predictable consequences.  
c)   Gluons
  • The strong force is the interaction responsible for binding quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, to make hadrons.   
    • The strong force is a multiprocess in which the mutual gravitational attraction of the quarks is countered by the rejectivity of their teelospheres. (see Chapter 7 - Electrons and Chapter 8 - Nucleons)  
    • In the strong force multiprocess there is no specific need for an exchange particle such as the gluon.
    • The existence of gluons has been confirmed by colliding objects at high energies.
    • Colliding objects with known measures in known conditions will have predictable consequences.  
d)   Higgs bosons
  • Every teel has a measure of mass. (see Argument 0102)  
  • Every teel has the same measure of mass. (see Argument 0103)  
  • Every teel attracts every other teel in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (see Argument 0109
  • Teels are eternal. (see Argument 0206)   
    • The effect of mass and the effect of gravity is the same.
    • The Malta Cosmology Template has no explanation for either mass or gravity. 
    • But nor, at the level of teels, does it need an exchange particle such as the Higgs Boson. 
    • If there is a level below that of teels, an explanation for mass and/or gravity may (or may not) be found there.  (see C0122 - On teels)  
    • The existence of Higgs bosons has been confirmed by colliding objects at high energies. 
    • Colliding objects with known measures in known conditions will have predictable consequences. 
e)   Gravitons
  • The notion that gravity is a quantised property, coming in discrete packets with each packet having the same measure/value is widely held but unproven.
  • A quantised packet of gravity is called the graviton.
    • The teel is the (notional) fundamental particle, out of numbers of which every other object in the Universe is made. (see Argument 0101)  
    • All teels (notionally) have the same mass. (see Argument 0103)  
    • All teels (notionally) have the same dimensions. (see Argument 0106)  
    • All teels (notionally) are spherical. (see Argument 0107)  
    • All teels attract every other teel in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (see Argument 0109)  
    • Thus each teel is identical to every other teel and therefore each teel is a quantum of gravity. (see C0122 - On teels)   
  • The graviton is expected to be a massless, chargeless, stable, spin-2, boson.  
  • Mass:  
    • Mass is one of the principal properties of the teel.  (see Argument 0102
    • The effect of a teel's mass is indistinguishable from the effect of its gravity.  
    • If the teel were to be deemed to have no mass and only gravity, this would have no effect upon the evolution of the Malta Cosmology Template.  
    • If the teel were to be deemed to have no mass and only gravity, it would be a graviton, subject to the note on spin below.  
  • Charge:
  • Stability:
  • Spin
    • Spin is one of the principal properties of the teel. (see Argument 0102)
    • The spinrate of teels is measurable in revolutions per time period and varies with conditions and circumstances.  (see Argument 0104)   
    • The spin of a graviton is a quantised spin.
    • A quantised spinrate can be considered to be an average spinrate and is thus able to accommodate a range of "real life" spinrates.
    • In this way, the spinrates of the teel and the graviton might be reconciled.

COMMENTARY


The Current Model begins at "today" and works backward in time. The Malta Template begins as far back in time as can be justified by facts and works forward. Thus the two work toward each other and, more often than not, deliver the same results. Not always, however, and where they do disagree (as they do in parts of this chapter) it is worth looking more closely at their selfproving abilities.

The Malta Template selfproves by making a deduction and then relating that to real life. Overall it does this by evolving forward in time to the point where it must eventually become a description of the Universe as we know it to be. If it doesn't do this, it is wrong.

The Current Model is less able to selfprove. It theorises on the basis of what it knows (or rather too often, on the basis of what it has previously theorised, sometimes to the point of creating quasifacts). It then attempts to confirm the theories by experiment and/or observation. The problem here is well known and understood - what is seen in experiment/observation may fit the theory but that doesn't necessarily mean the theory is right. Ptolemy's geocentric universe was the "current model" for fifteen hundred years. It was wrong but it worked so it was assumed by the establishment to be true. 

Consider the W, Z, and Higgs bosons. They were proposed. They were searched for. Something was observed that corresponded with what was proposed. They are indeed real and thus the theories work. Or do they. Are the bosons that have been observed, actually what they are supposed to be. According to the weaker selfproving of the Current Cosmology Model, yes. According to the stronger selfproving of the Malta Cosmology Template, no. 





GLOSSARY

  • ENERGY:     (1)  The capacity to do work.  (2)  The movement of the teels in a teelpair due to their mutual gravitypull.
  • MULTIPROCESS:     Two or more distinct processes, each producing their own results (which may be contrary or complementary) which are thereafter apparent as a single combined result. 
  • QUASIFACT:     An assumption that has become the foundation for a sequence of multigenerational assumptions and is now treated as fact in all but name.  All assumptions should be challenged regularly but when doing so risks bringing down a "house of cards" there is a reluctance to do so and anyone trying to do so tends to be marginalised.  (This is the "emperor's new clothes" syndrome, after the well-known HC Anderson story.)
  • REJECTIVITY:     A consequence of the law:  one particle cannot occupy a place in space and time already occupied by another of the same type.
  • SPINSPEED LAW:    
1 unit of spin = 1 unit of speed.
One unit of spin can be converted by collision into one unit of speed.
By a further collision, it can be converted back into one unit of spin.
Resulting from a collision, one unit of spin or speed
can be transformed into any ratio of spin or speed
but the sum of the spin and speed is always one unit.
  • STRONG FORCE:     (also known as the "strong interaction!)  (1)  The interaction responsible for binding quarks, antiquarks, and gluons to make hadrons. Residual strong interactions provide the nuclear binding force. (particleadventure.com)  (2)  The force that binds two blackholes (quarks) together within an electron and three blackholes (quarks) together within a nucleon. The strong force is a multiprocess in which the mutual gravitational attraction of the quarks is countered by the rejectivity of their teelospheres.









Comments and suggestions:  peter.ed.winchester@gmail.com

Copyright 2013 Peter (Ed) Winchester




REVISIONS

01 May 2014 - Page revised to 3-section format.
07 Nov 2014 - text revisions