GIVE CONSIDERATION TO CHAPTER 9 BEING "NUCLIDES" AND CHAPTER 10 BEING ISOTOPES (AND ISOTONES?).
CURRENT PARADIGM
Nuclide refers to a nucleus rather than to an atom. Identical nuclei
belong to one nuclide, for example each nucleus of the carbon-13 nuclide
is composed of 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring
to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over
chemical properties, while the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of
each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear. The neutron number has
large effects on nuclear properties, but its effect on chemical
properties is negligible for most elements. Even in the case of the very
lightest elements where the ratio of neutron number to atomic number
varies the most between isotopes it usually has only a small effect,
although it does matter in some circumstances (for hydrogen, the
lightest element, the isotope effect is large enough to strongly affect
biology). Since isotope is the older term, it is better known than
nuclide, and is still sometimes used in contexts where nuclide might be
more appropriate, such as nuclear technology and nuclear medicine. (Wikipedia - 15 Jul 2017)
A set of nuclides with equal proton number but different neutron numbers are called isotopes
of the element. Particular nuclides are still often loosely called
"isotopes", but the term "nuclide" is the correct one in general. Isotones are nuclides of equal neutron number but different proton numbers. (Wikipedia - 15 Jul 2017)
1-H-1
Is hydrogen-1 a nuclide. Some consider it so but for consistency in this Template it is a nucleon.
- A gravitonpair is a structure made out of gravitons.
- A blackhole is a structure made out of gravitonpairs.
- An electron is a structure made out of blackholes.
- A nucleon is a structure made out of blackholes.
- A nuclide is a structure made out of nucleons.
Hydrogen-1 can be an atom or an element but not a nuclide.
PHYSICS
- A nuclide is a composite object.
- A nuclide is a structure made out of two or more nucleons.
- The structure of a nuclide consists of a mix of stable (protons) and understable (neutrons) nucleons.
- A nuclide consisting of only protons is understable (?) and will not endure.
- A nuclide consisting of only neutrons is understable and will not endure.
- The nucleons in a nuclide are bonded together with the strong force.
- In the strong force the nucleons are held together by their mutual gravitypull and held apart by their nucleospheres.
- In a stable nuclide, the vergence velocity of the nucleons is less than the escape velocity of the nuclide.
- Stable nuclides are, given no change in their circumstances, eternal.
- Overstable
nuclides can be produced but they quickly absorb gravitons from the
surrounding gravitonstream and become stable.
- Understable nuclides automatically move to become stable by ejecting nuclides.
- The manner in which understable nuclides move to stability varies from type to type.
- There are three forms of overarching understable nuclides:
- stable
nuclides that have become engorged by their surrounding gravitonstream
and will return to stability when the engorging ceases.
- radionuclides are created understable and stabilise through the emission of photons, electrons, and low mass nuclides.
- fissile
nuclides are created understable and stabilise by breaking up into
lower mass nuclides, usually also with the emission of photons,
electrons, and low mass nuclides.
- Because
protons and neutrons are differently shaped, differently structured,
and differently charged, there is a configuration of least stress.
- Because
different types of nuclides have different numbers of nucleons, each
type has its own configuration of least stress.
- The degree of stability in each type of nuclide varies with the configuration of least stress.
- In some nuclide types, the nuclide is understable when it is in the configuration of least stress.
- An understable nuclide will attempt to stabilise.
- Because
each type of understable nuclide has a unique (and complex) structure,
the path to stabilisation is unique to each type of understable
nuclide.
CONSIDER PHOTONS AND PLENUMS AND VENTURI
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